Windows Glossary

27 windows terms defined in plain English. Cross-referenced from across the site.

This glossary covers terms you'll see across our windows content, contractor quotes, manufacturer spec sheets, and incentive program documentation. Use it as a reference - we link key terms from across the site back to definitions here.

U-Factor
Measure of window insulation. Lower = better. ENERGY STAR requires U-Factor of 0.30 or less in most climates.
SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient)
Fraction of solar heat the window allows. Lower SHGC = less solar gain. Important in cooling-dominated climates.
VT (Visible Transmittance)
Fraction of visible light the window allows. Higher = brighter interior.
Low-E Coating
Microscopic metal oxide coating on glass that reflects infrared heat while passing visible light.
Argon / Krypton Fill
Inert gas filling between window panes. Improves insulation vs. air-filled. Krypton is better and more expensive.
Double-Pane
Two glass panes with gas-filled gap. Standard for modern replacement windows.
Triple-Pane
Three glass panes. Best insulation but heaviest and most expensive. Worth it in cold climates.
ENERGY STAR Certified
Federal certification meeting climate-zone-specific U-Factor and SHGC thresholds. Qualifies for 25C tax credit.
Vinyl Windows
Most common replacement material. Affordable, low-maintenance, 20-30 year lifespan.
Fiberglass Windows
More dimensionally stable than vinyl. Higher cost but longer lifespan and better paint adhesion.
Wood Windows
Traditional material. Best appearance, highest maintenance, longest history. Often clad in aluminum or vinyl exterior.
Composite Windows
Wood/fiber composite material. Combines wood appearance with synthetic durability.
Aluminum Windows
Lightweight, strong, but poor insulator unless thermally broken. Common in commercial settings.
Double-Hung Window
Most common style: two operable sashes that slide vertically. Both sashes typically tilt in for cleaning.
Single-Hung
Like double-hung but only the bottom sash operates. Less expensive.
Casement
Hinged at the side, opens outward with a crank. Best for ventilation and air-sealing.
Awning
Hinged at top, opens outward at bottom. Good for ventilation during rain.
Slider
Horizontally sliding sash. Common in modern construction.
Bay / Bow Window
Multi-panel window that projects outward from the wall. Bay = angular, Bow = curved.
Impact-Resistant
Windows tested to resist storm debris impact. Required in Florida HVHZ. Often qualify for insurance discounts.
HVHZ (High Velocity Hurricane Zone)
Miami-Dade and Broward counties. Strict impact-rating requirements for windows.
WBDR (Wind-Borne Debris Region)
Coastal areas requiring impact glazing or shutters under International Building Code.
NOA (Notice of Acceptance)
Florida product approval document required for compliance with HVHZ code.
Insert (Pocket) Replacement
New window installed inside the existing frame. Faster and cheaper than full-frame replacement.
Full-Frame Replacement
Removing existing window down to the rough opening and installing complete new unit. Required if frames are damaged.
Title 24
California's building energy code. Specifies window U-Factor and SHGC requirements.
Section 25C Tax Credit
Federal credit covering 30% of energy-efficient window cost, up to $600 per year.

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